PULO: COIN OF TVER
Pulo, the beginning of the 16th century: Grand Duchy of Moscow (Tver)
The Principality of Tver existed during 13th-15th centuries on the territory of modern Russia. It was one of the states established after the decay of the Kyivan Rus'. In the 13th century Tver rivaled the Principality of Moscow and aimed to become the center of the united Russian state. Eventually Tver decayed, and in 1485 was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. — The demonstrated coin belongs precisely to the transition period, when Tver had already become part of Muscovy, but had not yet had time to completely "dissolve" in it (although some numismatic sources claim that it is still a Tver coin issued before 1485).
Ruler: probably — Grand Duke of Moscow during 1462-1505 Ivan III Vasilyevich.
ПУЛО ТВѢРСКОЕ: pulo tverskoe.
Griffin: mythical winged creature. Dots (pearls) around.
- Copper: 16 mm - 0.7 g
- Reference price: 50$
COIN PULO — WHERE & WHEN (coins catalog: by names & emitents)
- PRINCIPALITIES OF NORTH-EASTERN RUS' (nowadays Russia) — Principality of Dmitrov + Principality of Gorodets + Principality of Tver + Principality of Uglich + Principality of Mikulin + Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal + Grand Duchy of Moscow... (14th-16th centuries): pulo = 1/60 denga (the ratio was not stable)
PULO as coin name.
Pulo is a miniature copper coin minted in the lands of the modern Russia during the 14th-16th centuries. The issuers were the separate principalities of North-Eastern Rus': Moscow, Tver, Pskov, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal, Smolensk... A characteristic distinguishing feature of the coin is the indication of the place of manufacture in the typical format: "pulo moskovskoe" (пуло московское), "pulo tverskoe" (пуло твѣрское), "pulo pskovskoe" (пуло псковское) etc.
The name of the coin pulo is borrowed from the Golden Horde. Obviously, the Golden Horde pūl became the prototype.
By the way, the etymology of the Afghan coin pul is different.
